But the result of the fusion is that once it is achieved in 
     our early years, we are for ever after unable to think 
     clearly, independently and surely about any one aspect of 
     the matter. We cannot think of sounds without thinking 
     of letters; we believe letters have sounds. We think that 
     the printed page is a picture of what we say, and that the 
     mysterious thing called “spelling” is sacred. . . . The 
     invention of printing broadcast the printed language and 
     gave to print a degree of authority that it has never lost.”

     Stressing the latent kinesthetic effects even in silent 
reading Chaytor refers to the fact that “some doctors forbid 
patients with severe throat affections to read, because silent 
reading provokes motions of the vocal organs, though the 
reader may not be conscious of them.” He also considers (p. 6) 
the interplay that is between the auditory and the visual in